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International Women’s Day

By Phil Treseder
Swansea Museum Education & Participation Officer

In December 2024, Wales International Women’s Team qualified for the first time for a major international tournament. Women’s football has had a difficult journey. The First World War provided a major boost, but the Football Association worried about its growing popularity effectively banned it in 1921 by threating to ban any clubs from membership that allowed women’s teams access to grounds and facilities.

Women’s football does date earlier than World War 1 and at times there was considerable resistance. A touring team named the British Ladies’ Football Club were in Swansea in July 1896.  A game was held against a men’s team (apparently the first ever such game in Swansea) which resulted in 4 – 4 draw. However, the gate was rather small and as a result the team could not afford the fares to Cardiff, their next destination.

The team did manage to get to Cardiff eventually, but the news was covered by the South Wales Daily Post on the 7th of August with the following commentary.

“So, the British Ladies’ Football Club managed after all to get out of the awkward predicament in which they found themselves on Tuesday and bade Swansea farewell for ever on Thursday. No one could but help sympathise with the poor girls in their sad plight, but at the same time I hope their severe lesson will drive home the conviction that football is not a game for women no more than darning stockings is an occupation for mortals of the masculine gender. The ordinary species of the new woman is almost intolerable, but when females turn out in bloomers on the football field the whole business becomes positively disgusting, and if a slice of bad luck, such as that experienced by the British lady footballers at Swansea, will have the effect of crushing out the practice I shall rejoice exceedingly over it. By-and-by there will be no holding these masculine females”.

One of the earliest known teams in Swansea was Baldwins United, formed during WW1. The team were women working at the National Shell Factory.

The woman who organised the team was Nancie Griffith Jones employed as a welfare officer at the factory. A keen sportswoman, she played football, hockey and water polo.  Later in life she would be awarded an OBE for services in the education sector. She would also spend WW2 as a prisoner of the Japanese as at the start of the war in the Pacific she was running a school in Singapore.

SM MI 6877.2 is a photograph of the team taken at St Helens ground pre or following a match and probably for a game played against Newport in April 1918 to raise funds for the Prisoners of War Fund. Nancie is sitting fourth from left in the front row.

National Shell Factory (Baldwins) taken in front of the old pavilion at St Helens ground.

The team surnames are given along with an initial.  However, some of the newspaper reports provide us with a first name. It is therefore possible to speculate on the full name and address of some of the team.

If anyone recognises them as an ancestor or know of anyone else in the team and can provide further information, please contact Swansea Museum via phil.treseder@swansea.gov.uk

The possible names given along with Nancie Griffith Jones are:

N Dalhgrin
L Quick (captain)
D Wise
D Thomas
E Griffiths
A Davies
G Gower
A Guy
K Roper
M Forrester
In a later game there is an E Mountfield

A few possibilities include:

The captain is named as Lizzie in a newspaper report. Possibly Lilian Elizabeth Quick born in 1895 in Wolverhampton and living in Margaret Terrace, St Thomas in 1911.  If so married Evan Gordon Davies in 1924.

K. Roper in the newspaper is named as Katie. There is a Catherine Roper born about 1900 living at 3 Wandsworth Street with her brother and uncle.

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Oxfam T-shirt

New Donation

In October of 1969 a group of young people gathered at midnight at Singleton Park. They were taking part in a 20-mile charity walk to Porthcawl that would take them up to 8 hours to finish. The donor of this t-shirt, along with the rest of the group were walking to raise money for Oxfam, a charity that fights poverty all around the world.  The front of the shirt has the logo ‘Oxfam Walk 69’ on the front and the back has the easily misunderstood slogan, ‘Help Stamp out Oxfam’.

Photograph looking down at a white t-shirt laid out in a rectangular box. White tissue paper sits underneath the t-shirt. The t-shirt has a bright , circular, orange logo in the centre that says Oxfam Walk 69.

The Swansea charity walk was part of a larger National Youth Walk movement that took place all around Britian. One of the most well-known walks was the summer walk to Wembley Stadium. 50,0000 young people started off at 12 different points to do their charity walk to the stadium, walking up to 30 miles. It was a hot day and quite a few of the young people were new to long distance walking, so the St John Ambulance crew were kept busy treating heat stroke and wounded feet. Those who reached the stadium were welcomed with a concert including the bands Love Affair and Dire Straits.

This T-shirt represents a new generation realising that making a difference to the world starts with a single step.

Followed by thousands of other ones.

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Bison & Buffalo Conservation

Bison & Buffalo heads before conservation

In our Natural History Gallery there were two Bovidae heads mounted on the wall that were in need of care and conservation. Time had taken its toll on the taxidermy heads so Laura, from LR Conservation, came to Swansea Museum to provide the expertise to conserve and clean them.

One is a head of an Indian Gaur Bison. This is the largest species of surviving Bovidae and are capable of killing tigers when provoked. Our bison head came from Kolhapur in Northern India and was donated in 1960. The bison head had serious damage to one horn, which needed to be carefully reattached. It had also been missing its glass eyes for many years.

damaged horn and ear before conservation – bison
repaired horn and ear with new glass eye – bison

The other Bovidae head is of a Water Buffalo that came from Kolhapur at the same time as the bison. There are two different types of water buffalo: swamp and river. We are still unsure which one our buffalo is. They are usually told apart by their body size, which isn’t terribly helpful with only the head. Our buffalo had shrinkage damage where the fillers used by the original taxidermist had dried up. In addition to some repair work, both heads needed a good conservation clean and polish.

cracks & dust before conservation – buffalo
after crack repair and cleaning – buffalo

Due to the expertise of the conservator, both heads are squeaky clean with shining eyes and gleaming horns. Once the mounts are made, both heads will be placed back into the Natural History Gallery.

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New Donation

World War 2 Pepper Pot

Sometimes the most unassuming donations can have an interesting story. The museum has had a recent donation from a local family of a metal cannister of black pepper. The outside looks a bit rusty, and the inside contains an ordinary paper bag of pepper. During World War 2 this pot of pepper was kept in the family’s air raid shelter. However, it wasn’t used for seasoning their rations. The donor’s grandmother kept it there as a last line of defence if the Germans invaded. She had it ready to throw in their faces to blind them so the family could make a quick getaway.

This donation is part of a collection of three items related to WW2 in Swansea. The other two items in this donation are photographs of the donor’s relatives who worked as a nurse and an ambulance driver during the war.

SM2024.1.3

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Rev. Emma Rosalind Lee

By Phil Treseder
Swansea Museum Education & Participation Officer

In January 2024 a film was realised with the title ‘One Life’. The film is based on the true-life story of Sir Nicholas Winton who is played by Sir Anthony Hopkins.

The film focuses on a scrapbook which was put together by the Committee for Czechoslovakian Child Refugees in 1939 and given to Nicholas Winton.  The group supported Nicholas Winton in organising Kindertransport trains of child refugees out of Czechoslovakia in 1939 to escape the Nazis.

The scrapbook is now in the Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem.

In the film, Nicholas Winton browses the scrapbook and stops at an article titled `What they have done to the Czechs’.  In the real scrapbook, to the left of that article is a newspaper cutting from the South Wales Evening Post.  It is a letter to the Editor dated 20th of April 1939, headed `Refugee Children; an appeal’.  The letter is from the Rev. Rosalind Lee, Cefn Bryn House, Penmaen, near Swansea.

The Rev Rosalind Lee was born in Edgbaston, Birmingham but would later settle in Swansea at Cefn Bryn House, Penmaen, with her brother who was a lecturer at Swansea University.  The house still exists and has a spectacular view of Three Cliffs Bay. Both were actively involved in the Gower Society.  The Rev. Lee bought several plots of land on the Gower to stop any development on them and then donated the land to the National Trust.

She became a VAD (Voluntary Aid Detachment) nurse during the Great War and then became a Minister with the Unitarian Church in 1919.  She was a member of the first committee of the British League of Unitarian Women from 1908 and become the National Secretary in 1929.  She would later be elected as President of the Unitarian General Assembly in 1940.

The Rev. Lee served as a Minister in Treorchy, Leicester, Hackney, and Stourbridge and as a district minister in South Wales.

In October 1939 she went to Prague to set up and run a `Friends Refugee Office’ with another Unitarian Minister John McLachlan.  They worked closely with Doreen Warriner, the only one of the three they include in the film.

A full list of the 669 mainly Jewish children they saved are online.  Unfortunately, the last train due to depart on the 1st of September 1939 with another 250 children on board, was prevented from leaving by the outbreak of the war and the majority of those children were subsequently murdered.

The British Government would not allow the transport of the children without guarantors in place who would look after the children and cover the costs.

The list of children includes information on names, dates of birth, and address’s in the UK and who the guarantor was.  From the list we can see that the Rev. Lee was guarantor or co-guarantor for many children.

Not all were based in Swansea, some she obviously managed to place with family and friends.  Some of the many children included were:

Ivo Englander, born 1924.
Eduard Kestenbaum, born 1930.
Ervin Kestenbaum, born 1926.
Renee Kestenbaum born 1928.
Katarina Kestenbaum, born 1931.

None of the above children would return to Czechoslovakia. The two Kestenbaum sisters Renee and Katarina would both, following the war, emigrate to the United States.  The brothers Eduard and Ervin would later apply for British citizenship in 1947 and remain in the UK. At the same time, they both changed their surname to Berry.

It appears that Eduard may have moved to Birmingham, whilst Ervin remained in Swansea.

A search of the Czechoslovakian Holocaust victims list under Kestenbaum only produces two names who may have been their parents.  Frantisek, born in 1898 was murdered on 13th August 1942 at Majdenek.  Hana (although on the record spelling is slightly different, probably a spelling mistake by the SS) was born 1897, and was murdered, place and date unknown.

The surname, Englander appears to be fairly common, so we were unable to locate the parents of Ivo, but it is probably safe to assume they were also murdered.

If they did survive the war, they would have been devastated to find out their son did not. Being the oldest of the five, Ivo became eligible to join up and he joined the Czechoslovakian Air Force operating in Britain. 

He was killed on the 1st of January 1945 whilst returning from patrol with Coastal Command.  In severe weather his Liberator plane crashed into the northern end of the Island of Hoy, Orkneys.

His body was taken to the mainland, and he is buried in Tain Cemetery, Scottish Highlands.

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1958 World Cup

by Danielle Jenkinson
Swansea Museum Documentation Officer

In celebration of Wales competing in the 2022 FIFA World Cup, we are going to look back at the only other time Wales has qualified, and talk about some of the Welsh players from Swansea who represented their country, or very nearly did.

In 1958, Wales were surprise participants in the World Cup held in Sweden. Having failed to qualify through the European section of the games, Wales were awarded a second chance to compete, this time as representatives of Asia-Africa. Due to political tensions surrounding Palestine and the Gaza Strip, Arab teams refused to play Israel for a place in the tournament. FIFA decided to organise a draw for the runners-up from other regions to advance through the Asia-Africa qualifiers. Wales were the team picked out of the hat; they won both their matches against Israel, and so headed for Sweden.

1958 World Cup Ephemera

On April 18, 1958, the Welsh FA selectors met in Shrewsbury to decide on the World Cup squad. Seven players were clear choices: Jack Kelsey in goal, Mel Hopkins at left-back, the captain Dave Bowen at left-half, Ivor Allchurch at inside-left, Cliff Jones at outside-left, Terry Medwin, who could play at outside-right, inside-left and centre-forward if needed, and John Charles, the centre-forward who played for Juventus. Kesley, Allchurch, Jones, Medwin and Charles, were from Swansea.

Jack Kelsey was born in Llansamlet and played for Arsenal. He was not only one of the best goalkeepers in Britain, but also the world.

Ivor Allchurch, nicknamed the ‘Golden Boy’ in part due to his wavy blonde hair, was considered one of Wales’ few world-class players. Allchurch joined the Swans in 1947 after he was spotted playing youth football while a pupil at Plasmarl School. He made his league debut in 1949 and the following year he was playing for his country. Due to his decision to stay in Division 2 with the Swans he gained another nickname, ‘The Star Who Wasn’t Quite’, as it was felt by many that he was wasting his talents at The Vetch.

Cliff Jones was born into a famous football family, as his father and uncle both played for Wales. Brought up in the Sandfields area, ‘Cliffie’ made his league debut for Swansea Town in 1952 at the age of 17. However, Jones arrived in Sweden the most expensive winger in the Britain, as Tottenham had signed him that year for a record £35,000.

Terry Medwin was the son of a prison officer, and was born opposite The Vetch. When signed by his local club, they described him as “the lad from the prison next door”. Good-looking, he became popular with supporters and soon became the Swansea Town pin-up boy. When asked why he thought so many of the Welsh squad were from Swansea, Medwin replied:

“I think it had a lot to do with having a beach … Growing up in Swansea after the war there wasn’t much to do if you were young, so most of us played football all day long on the beaches. In a way, we had our own Copacabana.” (Risoli, 1998, p.27)

John Charles was the most famous and highly regarded player in the squad, and he remains one of the greatest footballers Wales has ever produced. After leaving school in 1946, he joined Swansea Town. However, before he could make his first senior appearance at The Vetch, he was sold to Leeds United in 1949. In 1957, believing he was the best centre-forward and centre-half in the world, Juventus signed him for a record breaking £67,000. During his first season in Italy, Charles had proved to be a sensation. Nicknamed ‘il Buono Gigante’ (the Gentle Giant), the six foot tall player finished the Serie A as the league’s top scorer, with 28 goals. This helped Juventus to win the championship for the first time in six years, and they re-signed him for £150,000. This placed him in the history books as the world’s most valuable footballer.

Although it was an obvious choice to place John Charles in the squad for Sweden, it was also a gamble. His participation in the World Cup was down to Juventus, and when the team was chosen, the club had not yet given its consent. This led to many negotiations with the club for the release of Charles to play for Wales, something Juventus was reluctant to do. It put their most valuable player at risk of injury in games that did not benefit them, and for a country that was not expected to do well in the tournament.

On that day in Shrewsbury, the selectors decided on 17 of the 18 players. The rest of the Sweden party would be Mel Charles, Stuart Williams, Derrick Sullivan, Trevor Edwards, Colin Webster, Vic Crowe, Roy Vernon, Ken Jones, Ken Leek and Colin Baker. Unfortunately, Ivor Allchurch’s brother, Len Allchurch, was not chosen. Although in the shadow of his older brother, the Swansea Town player was a good footballer in his own right. Mel actually played with John at Leeds in 1952, but he failed to feel comfortable in Yorkshire and returned to Swansea Town to play in their first-team.

The deliberation over the eighteenth man was a heart breaking one. It was between Manchester United winger Ken Morgans, a survivor of the Munich Air Disaster, and Cardiff City’s Ron Hewitt; the selectors eventually chose Hewitt. They had planned to watch Morgans in the FA Cup final, but when it was announced that the 18-year-old was not physically or mentally fit enough to play; he missed his opportunity to represent Wales.

Swansea-born Morgans had been the youngest of the ‘Busby Babes’, a group of young footballers who had all progressed together from Manchester United’s youth team into the first team under the management of Matt Busby. Many of the young players died in the Munich Air Disaster of 1958; Morgans was the last person to be found alive amongst the wreckage. Doctors recommended he should take a year off football, but because of the shortage of first-team players, he was back playing for United seven weeks later. In an interview he shared his experience of that time:

“I felt dreadful. I’d lost a lot of weight. I’d gone from 11 stone to 9 stone. I wasn’t fit, but because there weren’t enough players I had to play … I lost that couple of yards pace. I just lost it. I was very quick. A full-back could have five yards on me and I’d still beat him. But after Munich I couldn’t do that anymore. In a way, I wasn’t surprised to be left out of the World Cup squad … I’m sure the crash took it out of me. I had headaches for a couple of years. I used to have nightmares about the crash and the players who were killed.” (Risoli, 1998, p.32)

Notable mentions should also go to Swansea born players Ray Daniel and Trevor Ford who were considered two of Wales’s finest post-war footballers. However, for very different reasons, the Welsh FA discounted them from representing their country.

Daniel was a respected defender, yet he was banished from playing in the World Cup because he was heard regaling the team with songs from the musical Guys and Dolls. He sang from the track list while travelling on the team coach after they had played one of their qualifiers for the tournament. This incurred the wrath of Herbert Powell, the Welsh FA’s religious secretary, who thought that only hymns should be sang by team members.

In 1956, Trevor Ford published his autobiography, I Lead The Attack. It was an exposé on the illegal payments by his former club, Sunderland, to their players, including Ford himself. The striker admitted to accepting £100 ‘under the counter’ to join Sunderland from Aston Villa. The FA banned Ford was from league football for three seasons. He went into exile in the Netherlands, where he played for PSV Eindhoven.

Technically, Ford could have still played for Wales, but the selectors would not tolerate someone who admitted to accepting illegal payments. Yet, by ignoring him, the selectors made a mistake. Without him, the Welsh squad was short of centre-forwards, and it would cost Wales dear. Wales surprised the world by advancing from Group 3 after drawing with Hungary 1-1, Mexico 1-1, and Sweden 0-0, and then beating Hungary 2-1 in the deciding play-off. In doing so, they made it to the quarter-final where they faced Brazil and a 17-year-old footballer named Pelé.

They would have to face the Brazilians without their talisman John Charles. He had suffered very strong challenges made by a physical Hungarian side in the first-round play-off, and was now lost to injury. With few choices to replace Charles, it fell to Colin Webster to take the position, who in that crucial game, rarely troubled the Brazilian defence. However, it took almost three-quarters of the match for Brazil to break through the Welsh defence, as Pelé’s flick took him past Mel Charles, and he scored the only goal of the game, ending Wales’ dream of going any further in the competition.

If you would like to read more about the experiences of the Welsh team during the 1958 World Cup, please read Mario Risoli’s When Pelé Broke Our Hearts Wales & the 1958 World Cup (1998. Cardiff: Ashley Drake Publishing), some of which has been referenced here. There are a lot more interesting facts that could not be covered in this blog, and it is a great book.